Vaisala PTB210 SERIES Instrukcja Obsługi

Test and Installation of anAutomatic Weather Station to ProvideGround-Based FTIR Measurements for TCCONDiploma ThesisbyHendrik ZöphelMat.Nr.: 488470bo

age, there has been a concentration increase of CO2of about 25%, from about 280parts per million to over 370 parts per million. Scientific studies indi

BGC-FTIR Sensors | Precipitaion 15153 15MountingThe mounting system of the instrument is designed for attachment to a mast.When mounting, make sure th

16 CONTENTSAdjusting of Incidences and Swich-off DelayTo select the number of incidences and switch-off delay remove the cover withits 5 screws with a s

BGC-FTIR Sensors | Precipitaion 15153 17After setting up the sensor screw the case back on and power up the supplyvoltage. The setting of the relay ou

18 CONTENTS1.2.4 PrecipitaionLambrecht 15152User InformationIn order to provide a detection of all kinds of precipitation the precipitationinstrumenta

BGC-FTIR Sensors | Precipitation 15152 19MountingThe Sensor can be fixed at the mast on the top of the BGC-FTIR-Container.When selecting the installati

20 CONTENTS1.2.5 Solar RadiationKipp & Zonen CMP3User InformationMeasurements with the BGC-FTIR-System are only possible when the sun isvisible. T

BGC-FTIR Sensors | CMP 3 21MountingThe sensor is designed for attachement to a mast. A mounting sleeve is in-stalled at the top of the mast on th BGC-

22 CONTENTSConnectionThe connection cable is led along the mast and has to be fastened using ap-propriate cable ties. The sensor must be properly grou

BGC-FTIR Sensors | PTB 210 231.2.6 PressureVaisala PTB210User InformationThe pressure measurement requires high accuracy and precision to calculatevol

24 CONTENTSTwo barometers are always used for operational measurements. Upon everymaintenance visit, one of the barometers should be replaced with the

Unfortunately, the global network does not include enough stations to resolve thespatial distribution of CO2sources and sinks at the scale of continen

BGC-FTIR Sensors | PTB 210 25OperationThe PTB210 can be operated through a serial line with any terminal emulatorprogram and the commands given in the

26 CONTENTSSetting of Measurement ParametersBefore using the barometer you have to set up the parameters. The followingcommands will give you an overv

BGC-FTIR Sensors | PTB 210 27Operating CommandsTo output one single pressure reading with two decimals (as used in theprogramming of the weather stati

28 CONTENTSPower Down and Saving of Calibration DateIf you want to set the instrument to power down state use the command:.PD<cr>The barometer d

BGC-FTIR Sensors | PTB 210 29ConnectionFor connecting the sensor simply follow Table 1.3. See section 1.4.6 on page45 for more details.PTB 210 - Conne

30 CONTENTS1.2.7 Temperature ProbeCampbell Scientific T107User InformationA low pressure gas cell filled with HCL is used to provide narrow absorptionli

BGC-FTIR Sensors | T107 31MountingThe sensor is placed next to the gas cell in the FTIR instrument.ConnectionThe connection is carried out to the tabl

32 CONTENTS1.2.8 Temperature/HumidityCampbell Scientific CS215User InformationTo monitor the conditions inside the BGC-FTIR-Container a digital Temper-

BGC-FTIR Sensors | CS215 33ConnectionThe connection is carried out according to the table in section 1.4.6 on page45. Make sure that the cable is prop

34 CONTENTS1.3 Data Acquisition - Datalogger CR1000The CR1000 must be grounded to minimize the risk of damage by voltage tran-sients associated with p

The column observation, in combination with the existing and growing surface mea-surements, will improve estimates of surface flux of greenhouse gases,

BGC-FTIR | Data Acquisition 35Analog and Switched VoltageThe Temperature/Humidity Sensor KPC 1/6 ME and the Pyranometer CMP3transmit analog voltage wh

36 CONTENTSSDI-12Campbell Scientifics Temperature/Humidity Sensor CS215 features a digitalSDI-12 output. It allows simple connection to the Control-Por

BGC-FTIR | Peripheral Devices 371.3.2 Peripheral DevicesKeybord Display - CR1000KDThe CR1000 has an optional keyboard display, the CR1000KD. The table

38 CONTENTSEthernet and CompactFlash Module - NL115Campbell Scientific’s NL115 Ethernet/CompactFlash Module provides twouseful capabilities. It enables

BGC-FTIR | Programming 391.3.3 ProgrammingTo modify any parameter via FTP the basic need is to access the file systemof the datalogger. You can do so b

40 CONTENTSYou can also modify via FTP using a standard browser. Assure, that there isa connection from the Compact/Flash Module Nl115 to your PC or l

BGC-FTIR | Programming 41The powerup.ini is always copied to the CF-Card with the associated filesfor proceeding the action. See section A.3 on page 52

42 CONTENTS1.4 Wiring PanelThere are a couple of plug connections to receive accurate signals at the Dat-alogger and the SPS. The following tables giv

BGC-FTIR | Wiring Panel 431.4.2 25 Pin D-Sub (Logger) <-> 40 Pin Connector (Box)25 Pin D-Sub 40 Pin Connector CommentPin 01 Block A - Pin 01 - B

44 CONTENTS1.4.4 25 Pin D-Sub <-> Datalogger CR100025 Pin D-Sub Datalogger CommentPin 01 - Brown SE 05 (DIFF 3) Wind Speed 14557 1 (High)Pin 02

Chapter 2The Sensors2.1 Weather Station - InstrumentationThe intended goal of the use of the weather station is to provide all the meteo-rological dat

BGC-FTIR | Wiring Panel 451.4.6 Sensor <-> Datalogger CR1000Sensor Wire CommentTemp. Probe 107Sensor 1 - Red (Temp. Signal) SE 01Sensor 1 - Blac

46 CONTENTSA.1 CRBasic - Weather Station’PROGRAM:’WEATHER STATION BGC-FTIR CONTAINER’AUTOR:’Hendrik Zoephel (MPI-BGC, Jena, Germany)’DATALOGGER AND PE

BGC-FTIR | Appendix 47’_______________________’DECLARATIONS’_______________________Public TRHData(2)Public TRHData_2(2)Public Temp_Indoor(2) As String

48 CONTENTSUnits Temp_SQ_2 = (deg C)^2Units Pyrano = W/m^2Units Pyrano_SQ_1 = (W/m^2)^2Units AirPress = hPaUnits AirPress_SQ_1 = (hPa)^2Units AirPress

BGC-FTIR | Appendix 49’_______TEMP_______Average(2,Temp(1),FP2,0)Minimum(2,Temp(1),FP2,0,0)Maximum(2,Temp(1),FP2,0,0)Totalize(1,Temp_SQ_1,IEEE4,False)

50 CONTENTS’_______SET COMMUNICATION-PARAMETERS FOR PTB210_______SerialOpen(Com1,9600,10,0,0)SerialOpen(Com2,9600,10,0,0)Scan(5,Sec,0,0)’_______SEND S

BGC-FTIR | Appendix 51’_______COUNTER OF MEASURED DATA PER INTERVAL_______Count = Count + 1N = CountIf TimeIntoInterval(0,60,sec) ThenCount = 0EndIf’_

52 CONTENTSA.2 CRBasic - Input file CONST.CR1’_______________________’COMMAND FOR PTB210’_______________________Const = CR = CHR(13) ’carriage returnCo

2.1.1 Temperature/Humidity - Galltec/Mela KPC 1/6-MEFunctionTemperature and humidity are not only fundamental, but also crucial parameters,within the

This sensor element is distinguished through its nominal resistance R0of 100 ohm.Humidity is measured by use of a capacitive sensor element. Thus, the

The structure of the sensing element is demontrated in Fig. 2.4.There is a thin gold layer, a hygroscopic polymer layer, a electrode system and aceram

2.1.2 Wind Speed - Lambrecht 14577FunctionWhen weather condition are characterized by high wind speeds, the dome of thesolar tracker should close for

ter. This information of changing by time is going to be processed in the connectedmicrocontroller in order to have an analog output for wind speed. U

The control system of the BGC-FTIR-Container processes this event for furthersteps concerning the protection of the solar tracker.Figure 2.7: Sensors

AffidavitI hereby declare on oath that this thesis is my own work and that it contains nomaterial previously published, or substantially overlapping w

2.1.4 Precipitation - Lambrecht 15152FunctionIn order to provide a detection of all kinds of precipitation the precipitation instru-mentation is enlar

2.1.5 Solar Radiation - Kipp & Zonen CMP3FunctionMeasurements with the BGC-FTIR-System are only possible when the sun is visible.Therefore the Pyr

The most important components are the thermopile sensor with a black coating,which absorbs all solar radiation, has a flat spectrum covering the 300 to

2.1.6 Pressure - Vaisala PTB210FunctionThe pressure measurement requires high accuracy and precision to calculate volumemixing ratio of the measured t

measurements. Upon every maintenance visit, one of the barometers should bereplaced with the recalibrated spare one. This way you can ensure that ther

2.2 BGC-FTIR-Container - MonitoringIt is not only important to provide all the meteorological data, you also have to bearin mind the conditions inside

Figure 2.15: Thermistor Probe Schematic[Manual - Model 107 Temperature Probe, 4/07]The ration of measured voltage (Vs) to the excitation voltage (Vx)

2.2.2 Temperature/Humidity - Campbell Scientific CS215FunctionTo complete the monitoring of the conditions inside the BGC-FTIR-Container thedigital Tem

In addition to the resistive method for temperature measurement, the capacitivemeasurement principle is used as in the KPC 1/6-ME temperature and humi

Chapter 3Data Acquisition3.1 Datalogger CR1000The following notes give an outline of the ports and moduls which are used foroperating with the instrum

AcknowledgementFirst of all I wish to thank Dr. Dietrich Feist and Dr. Martin Heimann for givingme the opportunity to conduct this thesis. Furthermore

3.1.1 Connecting PanelThe Datalogger CR1000 has powerful analog and digital features as well as a lot ofconnection options for communication with seve

Serial DataThe digital pressure sensor PTB210 transmits serial data which are received at theCOM-Ports of the Datalogger CR1000. Figure 3.3 shows the

CS I/OThe 9-pin CS I/O-Port (Campbell Scientific Input / Output) as shown in Fig. 3.5is used to connect to Campbell Scientific telecommuinication periph

3.1.2 Peripheral DevicesCommunication with the master host has to be as comfortable as possible due tothe flexible and worldwide use of the BGC-FTIR-Co

Ethernet and CompactFlash Modul NL115Figure 3.8 shows Campbell Scientific’s NL115 Ethernet/CompactFlash Module. Itprovides two useful capabilities. It

Chapter 4ProgrammingThe CR1000 requires a program be sent to its memory to direct measurement, pro-cessing and data storage options. Programs are sent

4.2 StructureThe proper structure of an CRBASIC program is demontrated in Fig. 4.1 andreflects the general structure of the program written for the aut

4.3 DeclarationsThe declarations at the beginning of an CRBASIC program are like an abstract forthe user to know about the parameters of capital impor

it is simply declared as array as shown below:Public T107_C(2)Public TRHData(2)Alias TRHData(1)=Temp_CAlias TRHData(2)=Humid_CThis creates in memory f

Variable data types are STRING and the numeric types: FLOAT, LONG andBOOLEAN. In the program sequence of the automatic weather station the datatypes I

AbstractMeasurements with the MPI-BGC FTIR system are only possible when the sun isvisible. However, the solar tracker which guides the sunlight into

In the programming of the weather station all constants such as calibraiton factors,offsets and ASCII text commands are stored in an external data file

The program stores individual measurements as minimum, maximum, squared sumand averages as base values for a scan interval in two different tables for

4.4.1 DataTable() and EndTable()As already shown, data table declartion begins with the DataTable() instructionand ends with the EndTable instruction.

A timestamp will not be stored for each record. When data are downloaded or thebinary fomat is converted by the support software, timestamps are calcu

Average, Sample and CardOut are predefined instructions within the library of CR-BASIC. The following notes give an account of the crucial instruction

The data table of outdoor measurements looks more comprehensive because of theredundant sensor principle. Moreover are there further parameters (minim

4.5 Program - Main ScanAside from declarations and tables the CRBASIC program needs more instructionsin order to work properly and above all instructi

4.5.1 InstructionsIn addition to BASIC syntax, additional intructions are included in CRBASIC tofacilitate measurements and store data like shown in i

Serial sensors are not as easy to handle. The following example of pressure readingsillustrates this issue.First you have to set up the datalogger‘s p

Calibration Factors and OffsetsCalibration factors and offsets are important parameters which have to be deter-mined for converting analog signals into

The sensor signals are collected by the Datalogger CR1000 at several analog anddigital inputs. The CR1000 and the sensors form a completely autonomous

4.5.2 ExpressionsExpressions are used as operators or numbers that produce a value or a result. Theprogramming of the automatic weather station requir

4.6 User-Defined Power-Up FunctionThe key to the CF power-up function is the powerup.ini file, which contains a listof command lines. At power-up, the p

Chapter 5The Sensors - Test SeriesIt is a basic need to test the sensors for their functional capability and accuracy inadvance. This is also meant to

grees celsius which was kept within a period of thirty minutes before skipping to thenext temperature level.Figure 5.1: Temperature Measurement as a F

To verify the humidity readings the programmable logic control was set to escalatedsteps of five percent which was kept within a period of thirty minut

As a result measurements varying according to the process of line-up are recorded. Asimple troubleshooting can be accomplished by placing the referenc

However, regression shows linear characteristics towards the line-up of booth sen-sors. Apart from that accuracy amoung the two sensors in temperature

Sensor Difference for Temperature and HumidityTo have quality assurance concerning the redundant sensor principle, an interestingaspect is to find out p

Figure 5.6 points out the sensor difference of humidity with a maximum at 1.4 %humidity. Readings in bands around 70 % humidity show a minimum in varia

output range from 500 to 1100 hPa were done. The programmable logic control wasset up to steps of 50 hPa within a timeframe of 15 minutes.Pressure Mea

Contents1 Scope 92 The Sensors 132.1 Weather Station - Instrumentation ... 132.1.1 Temperature/Humidity - Galltec/Mela KPC 1/6-ME ...

Pressure ProfileRegarding the reference device of the pressure chamber, the profiles of pressurereadings show very good linear characteristics in the co

Figure 5.9: Sensor Difference for Pressure5.2 Air Duct5.2.1 Wind Speed - Lambrecht 14577The cup anemometers were tested in escalated steps of 5 m/s, st

Chapter 6Mounting of the Weather Station6.1 Development of a Wiring PanelThere are a couple of plug connections and interfaces in order to receive acc

However, the signals of precipitation detection are directly processed by the SPSwhere the remaining data is retrieved by the master PC for further pr

supply, sensors for inside-monitoring and the data logger have been installed insidethe container at appropriate places.Positioning of the pressure se

The offset of both measurements is a consequence of differences in height of the po-sitioning of the sensors. However, there are some measurements in re

Chapter 7EvaluationOnce the hardware has been configured, basic communication over TCP/IP is possi-ble. These functions include sending programs, colle

the status and public data to check the current settings and public variables. Anexample of an extract of the outdoor data table is demonstrated in Fi

The FTP server is a comfortable basis to get tables and to update calibration factorsfrom a remote site.Data acqusition was tested in two ways. On the

7.1.3 Test ReadingsData were prepared for plotting some charts after file transfer has been carried out.For this purpose a selective time period at any

Measuring Principle ... 252.2.2 Temperature/Humidity - Campbell Scientific CS215 ... 27Function ...

will not be detected on a quantity basis. There is only a triggered signal in case ofprecipitation which is processed by the programmable logic contro

Chapter 8ConclusionThe intention of this thesis was to establish a completely autonomous system todetermine local meteorological data like temperature

This way the system should meet the demands and should be up to standard.The selection of the sensors aims at longevity, reliability and accuracy. The

List of Figures1 The BGC-FTIR Weather Station ... 41.1 Greenhouse Gas Cycle[http://oco.jpl.nasa.gov/images/greenhouse-sm1.gif, 12.09.

2.9 Kipp & Zonen CMP3[http://www.campbellsci.com/images/cmp3.jpg, 02.09.08] ... 212.10 Main Components[http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiImage:Pyran

3.8 Ethernet and CompactFlash Module - NL115[Manual - NL115 Ethernet & CompactFlash Module, 4/08] ... 344.1 Proper Program Structure[Manual - C

List of Tables4.1 Details of used Data Types[Manual - CR1000 Measurement & Control System, 1/08] ... 384.2 Typical Data Table[Manual - CR1000

Bibliography[1] IPCC, 2007: , Climate change 2007 - The Physical Science Basis. Contributionof Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

[13] Wikipedia, Pyranometer, 9/08http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyranometer[14] R. Freitag, Presentation - Physics of the Humidity Technology, 4/07[15]

Appendix ACRBasic - Program Weather Station’PROGRAM:’WEATHER STATION BGC-FTIR CONTAINER’AUTOR:’Hendrik Zoephel (MPI-BGC, Jena, Germany)’DATALOGGER AND

5 The Sensors - Test Series 525.1 Climate and Pressure Chamber ... 525.1.1 Temperature/Humidity - Galltec/Mela KPC 1/6-ME ... 52Te

’C5,7: 2 x CS215’CALCULATION:’conversion to real units’square sum’PROGRAM PARAMETERS:’Scan rate: 5 sec’Avg. period: 60 sec.’Min., Max. period: 60 sec.

’_________________________UNITS____________________________________Units Temp_Indoor = deg CUnits Humid_Indoor = % RHUnits Temp_FTIR = deg CUnits Wind

’_______CS215_______Average(2,Temp_Indoor(1),IEEE4,False)Average(2,Humid_Indoor(1),IEEE4,False)’_______NUMBER OF MEASURED DATA_______Sample(1,N,FP2)En

’_______AIRPRESS_______Average(2,AirPress(1),IEEE4,0)Minimum(2,AirPress(1),IEEE4,0,0)Maximum(2,AirPress(1),IEEE4,0,0)Totalize(1,AirPress_SQ_1,IEEE4,Fa

’_______RECEIVE VALUES, VOLTAGES ARE CONVERTED IN REAL UNITS________SDI12Recorder(TRHData(),5,"0","R!",1,0)SDI12Recorder(TRHData_2

Appendix BCRBasic - Input file CONST.CR1’_______________________’COMMAND FOR PTB210’_______________________Const = CR = CHR(13) ’carriage returnConst =

BGC FTIR-CONTAINERINSTRUCTION MANUALWEATHER STATIONIssued: August 2008Copyright © Hendrik ZöphelMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJena, January

Contents1.1 Introduction ... 71.2 The Sensors ... 81.2.1 Temperature/HumidityGalltec/Mela KPC 1/6-

User Information ... 20Maintenance ... 20Mounting ... 21Connection ...

Chapter 1ScopeThe Earth’s climate has changed throughout the history. From glacial periods or"ice ages" where ice covered significant portion

1.4.5 9 Pin D-Sub Box <-> SPS ... 441.4.6 Sensor <-> Datalogger CR1000 ... 451.4.7 Power Supply - Box ...

BGC-FTIR | Introduction 71.1 IntroductionMeasurements with the MPI-BGC FTIR system are only possible when thesun is visible. However, the solar tracke

8 CONTENTS1.2 The Sensors1.2.1 Temperature/HumidityGalltec/Mela KPC 1/6-MEUser InformationThe sensor is placed outdoors and therefore used in a weathe

BGC-FTIR Sensors | KPC 1/6-ME 9MaintenanceThe protective filter should only be screwed off carefully to check functioningwith a humidity standard. Take

10 CONTENTSConnectionThe connection cable is led along the mast and has to be fastened using ap-propriate cable ties. To sensor must be properly groun

BGC-FTIR Sensors | Wind Speed 14577 111.2.2 Wind SpeedLambrecht 14577User InformationWhen weather condition are are at high wind speeds, the dome of t

12 CONTENTSMountingThere are bores with a diameter of 30 mm at each end of the mast’s traverseFirst remove the lower nut and put the sensor with assem

BGC-FTIR Sensors | Wind Speed 14577 13ConnectionThe connection cable is led along the mast and has to be fastened using appro-priate cable ties. To re

14 CONTENTS1.2.3 PrecipitaionLambrecht 15153User InformationThe precipitation detector transmits signals to determine the beginning andthe end of prec